Kanjira

The Kanjira is a compact but powerful percussion instrument used widely in Carnatic classical concerts. It consists of a circular wooden frame, traditionally made from jackwood, with one side covered by the skin of a monitor lizard (now replaced by synthetic materials for ethical reasons). A single pair of jingles embedded in the frame gives it a bright, metallic sound. Despite its small size, the Kanjira can produce a wide range of tones—from deep bass notes to sharp, high-pitched slaps. The player uses the fingers and palm to strike, press, and rub the membrane, creating intricate rhythms. It is often used alongside the Mridangam, complementing it with dynamic rhythmic variations. The Kanjira demands precision, control, and improvisational skill, as it is often featured in rhythmic exchanges called tani avartanam. Its sound can shift from soft and subtle to fast and energetic, adding brilliance to any performance. Compact yet expressive, the Kanjira exemplifies the rhythmic richness of South Indian percussion traditions.